We abbreviate “phosphorylated STAT5” as “p-STAT5” and say this out loud as “phospho stat five” (not “p stat five”). The dash in “p-” (phospho) is used to distinguish this abbreviation from “p” (protein), which helps clarify text describing signaling of proteins such as p53 and p38 (e.g. p-p38, “phospho p 38”).